The use of emergency separation is described in ICAO Doc 4444, 15.7.1. In addition to traffic separation standards applied to aircraft on approach to or taking off from the same or closely spaced runways, more restrictive separation minima are defined (see Aircraft are categorised according to their MTOM (maximum take-off mass) and minimum separation times or distances are applied to aircraft in sequence so that aircraft following a higher MTOM aircraft are given greater spacing than those following a same or lower MTOM category. A number of additional criteria must be met in order to apply this separation minimum (described in detail in ICAO Doc 4444, 8.7.3.2 b)). 2. Observance of these standards ensures safe separation from the ground, from other aircraft and from protected airspace (see National separation standards are based on the provisions of ICAO Doc 4444 (Procedures for Air Traffic Management), especially Chapter 5. The agency also notes that separation standards are dependent on the communications, navigation and surveillance capabilities in an airspace. In light of these advancements, the FAA’s position toward space-based ADS-B technology has changed considerably and FAA is exploring an accelerated path to implementation of space-based ADS-B in its oceanic airspace and the NAS,” said Aireon in a statement. Therefore, the FAA is considering the long-term evolution of all of these capabilities to improve safety and increase capacity in oceanic airspace.In the near-term, a technology called Automatic Dependent Surveillance – Contract (ADS-C) will be used to reduce separation in oceanic airspace since the automation platform used for that airspace was designed for ADS-C. ADS-C is an automated reporting system that provides an aircraft’s position and flight path intent, among other information, to air traffic controllers to apply separation in airspace without traditional surveillance coverage.The FAA will also be conducting a one-year operational evaluation of space-based ADS-B in the Caribbean beginning in March 2020 to evaluate further that technology and its potential benefits.Results from the operational evaluation will inform decision making around future investments.RGN thanks the FAA for its timely response to this query.Founder, Editor and Publisher Mary Kirby has covered the aviation industry for over 20 years as both a journalist and an editor. (See FIG 3-9-7 and FIG 3-9-8.)

For aircraft following the same or diverging tracks, longitudinal separation may be achieved by requiring aircraft to make position reports and comparing the time of their reports (see Fig.

If, during an emergency situation, it is not possible to ensure that the applicable horizontal separation can be maintained, emergency separation of half the applicable vertical separation minimum may be used. b. After cutting her teeth at a weekly world airline newsletter, Mary joined Flightglobal in 1999 as a reporter for its real-time news site Air Transport Intelligence. The decision was made by the FAA in April and the report is very clear.”Given the clear divide – and wanting to hear it from the horse’s mouth – RGN yesterday evening reached out to the FAA for clarity, asking if it stands by the findings in the GAO report, and if the agency is – as Aireon suggests – accelerating its efforts to adopt space-based ADS-B to meet minimum separation standards.The FAA has just released a statement, clarifying that it does not prefer one technology over another, but effectively confirming that it will press forward with ADS-C for reduced separation in the near-term.The FAA and its partners in the aviation industry are working to enhance safety and increase capacity in oceanic airspace through a phased approach that leverages near-term opportunities while the agency continues to gather data and study options for a long-term solution.The agency does not prefer one technology over another.
“In the past year, substantial developments to both the regulatory standards, implementation and recognition of multiple operational, safety and cost avoidance benefit metrics have been made through extensive collaborative input from the US airlines, A4A, NATCA, ALPA and the FAA. FIG 5-8-4 Nonintersecting Runway Departures. For example, the following table is from the FAA AC 150/5300: ... Taxiway minimum separation distances. Details of the separation applied depends on circumstances, for example whether aircraft are using the same, parallel or crossing runways, and whether using the same or different take-off commencement or touchdown positions. Longitudinal separation is applied so that the spacing between aircraft is never less than a specified amount. This is described by the GAO as using “the same ADS-C technology already installed on FANS-equipped aircraft”  but that the ATOP computer “would request that automatic position reports be sent more frequently to air traffic control. Differences from these standards (if any) are published in national The methods used to achieve separation are varied and complex, depending on the phase of flight and the relative trajectories of the aircraft involved. All flight crews concerned must be advised if emergency separation is used.


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