. Their efforts initially paid off, with 454,000 tonnes of shipping being lost to German U-boats in June 1941 alone. By signing up for this email, you are agreeing to news, offers, and information from Encyclopaedia Britannica.Be on the lookout for your Britannica newsletter to get trusted stories delivered right to your inbox.

By the end of the war, although the U-boat arm had sunk 6,000 ships totalling 21 million GRT, the Allies had built over 38 million tons of new shipping.The reason for the misperception that the German blockade came close to success may be found in post-war writings by both German and British authors.

A stop-gap measure was instituted by fitting ramps to the front of some of the cargo ships known as Catapult Aircraft Merchantmen (Although the results gained by the CAM ships and their Hurricanes were not great in enemy aircraft shot down, the aircraft shot down were mostly One of the more important developments was ship-borne direction-finding radio equipment, known as HF/DF (high-frequency direction-finding, or The radio technology behind direction finding was simple and well understood by both sides, but the technology commonly used before the war used a manually-rotated aerial to fix the direction of the transmitter.

To this end, the Admiralty asked the Royal Canadian Navy on May 23, to assume the responsibility for protecting convoys in the western zone and to establish the base for its escort force at By 1941, the United States was taking an increasing part in the war, despite its nominal neutrality. Over 30,000 men from the The British merchant fleet was made up of vessels from the many and varied private shipping lines, examples being the tankers of the In addition to its existing merchant fleet, United States shipyards built 2,710 Canada's Merchant Navy was vital to the Allied cause during World War II.

No fewer than 2,603 merchant ships had been sunk, totalling over 13. U-boats disrupted coastal shipping from the Caribbean to Halifax, during the summer of 1942, and even entered into Canadian officers wore uniforms which were virtually identical in style to those of the British.



Canada’s industry also played an important role in the growth of our military and merchant navies. A simple and secure way to do business online with

Although new German submarines arrived in 1945, they came far too late to affect the course of the battle.Historians estimate that more than 100 convoy battles took place during the war. Allied merchant ships were sunk with loss of life in the Atlantic on each of those days, and on virtually every day in between.

By now, the Allies had sufficient escort aircraft carriers and long-range aircraft to cover the Atlantic Gap.





At the start of the conflict the Royal Navy was the largest in the world, though it suffered huge losses early on.




The battle of the Atlantic also resulted in civilian deaths. By the end of hostilities, in excess of 400 cargo ships had been built in Canada. This was delicate work, took quite a time to accomplish to any degree of accuracy, and since it only revealed the line along which the transmission originated a single set could not determine if the transmission was from the true direction or its reciprocal 180 degrees in the opposite direction.

This Allied advantage was offset by the growing numbers of U-boats coming into service.


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