Lift is generated by the creation of a pressure differential over the The strength of the vortex is governed by the weight, speed, and shape of the wing of the generating aircraft. Note that all Boeings 757 which category is MEDIUM shall be considered as HEAVY as first aircraft.If the second aircraft will take off from an intermediate part or the same runway or a parallel runway by less than 760m (2500ft), the separation minima time shall be extended.A separation minimum shall be applied between a MEDIUM or LIGHT A separation minimum shall be applied between a MEDIUM or LIGHT Sometimes due to local regulations and geographical constraints the runway must be used in an opposite-direction runway take-off.Non-radar wake turbulence longitudinal separation minimaDeparting aircraft from an intermediate part of the runway The primary motivation for a detailed modeling of wind turbine wakes is that wind turbines located in wind farms experience inflow wind conditions that is substantially A pilot who suspects wake turbulence is affecting his or her aircraft should get away from the wake, execute a Wake turbulence can be measured using several techniques. Ordinary turbulence is not unusual, particularly in the approach phase.

The origin of counter-rotating wing tip vortices is a direct and automatic consequence of the generation of lift by a wing. Following approval by the European Aviation Safety Agency (EASA), RECAT-EU is to be initially deployed at Paris Charles de Gaulle airport by end-2015.RECAT-EU for both arrivals and departures was successfully deployed by NATS at London Heathrow Airport in March 2018. Since most operators ensure that passengers are secured during intermediate and final approach and during initial climb after take off, it is Cabin Crew who will be most at risk of injury if they are not yet secured during the later stages of an approach. These minima are not applied for a tower controller for taking-off separation.Note that in the IVAO network, IVAO ATC software will provide ATS surveillance system to all positions.During non-radar en-route or arrival sequence and departure sequence of aircraft, an air traffic controller shall The following separation minima for arriving aircraft shall be applied by the air traffic controller:Note that all Boeings 757 which category is MEDIUM shall be considered as HEAVY as first aircraft.An air traffic controller shall not be required to apply wake turbulence separation: r/gifs: Funny, animated GIFs: Your favorite computer file type! Potentially hazardous turbulence in the wake of an aircraft in flight is principally caused by wing tip vortices. wake turbulence at distances greater than the air traffic control (ATC) minimum wake turbulence separation distances. Radar wake turbulence separation minima The following distance-based wake turbulence separation minima shall be applied to aircraft being provided with an ATS surveillance system (radar like IVAO ATC software) in the approach and departure phases of flight: Currently, ICAO recognizes two methods of measurement, sound tomography, and a high-resolution technique is Wake turbulence can occasionally, under the right conditions, be heard by ground observers.A subtle rustling and cracking sound caused by the wake vortices after airplane flyover. When an En-route Air Traffic Controller identifies a traffic proximity situation with risk of a potentially hazardous wake encounter, he/she may provide traffic information to the trailing aircraft, including a caution for potential wake turbulence and when possible, may propose a change of lateral or vertical flight path, as appropriate. The fundamental underlying wake separations in RECAT Phase II are not defined per wake turbulence category, but actual individual pairs of make-model-series aircraft types (e.g. An aircraft of a lower wake vortex category must not be allowed to take off less than two minutes behind an aircraft of a higher wake vortex category. A cross-track encounter en route is likely to lead to only one or two sharp 'jolts' as the vortices are crossed. However, wake turbulence can also be encountered en route, where the risk of injury to occupants will be increased since seat belt signs will often be off and/or cabin service in progress.

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