The PCU itself may be a separate physical entity, or more often these days it is incorporated into the base station controller, BSC, thereby saving additional hardware costs.One of the key elements for any network operator is the cost of capital expenditure (capex) to buy and establish a network.

BSC The Base Station Controller BSC requires a software upgrade and the installation of new hardware called the packet control unit PCU. Increasing efficiency and reliability will reduce the opex costs.Any upgrade such as that from GSM to GPRS will require new investment and operators are keen to keep this to the minimum. In addition to the capex, there are the operational costs, (opex). GPRS provided a packet data capability for the 2G cellular systems, enabling the evolution of GSM to provide a data capability.To allow the GPRS network to provide the packet data capability additional network entities are required to be added to the overall architecture - two of the main entities are the GGSN and SGSN.A packet data network architecture is overlayed or added to the existing GSM architecture to provide the data capability. There are new entities called GPRS that supports nodes (GSN) which are responsible for delivery and routing of data packets between mobile stations and external packets networks. A number of new elements are needed for the network, but these can operate alongside the existing elements meaning that the GPRS capability is an upgrade to the network and not a completely new network structure.The main new network architecture entities that were needed are:From the diagram given above it can be seen that the GPRS network architecture added some extra elements to the GSM network to enable it to cary the packet data. A variety of MS can exist, including a high-speed version of current phones to support high-speed data access, a new PDA device with an embedded GSM phone, and PC cards for laptop computers.

However, at the output of the BSC, the traffic is separated; voice is sent to the Mobile Switching Center (MSC) per standard GSM, and data is sent to a new device called the SGSN via the PCU over a Frame Relay interface.Following two new components, called Gateway GPRS Support Nodes (GSNs) and, Serving GPRS Support Node (SGSN) are added:The Gateway GPRS Support Node acts as an interface and a router to external networks. The main one is the addition of the PCU described above. Network Architecture Network Architecture Diagramming. You must be logged in to read the answer.

RANs supported by 5G architecture are GSM, GPRS/EDGE, UMTS, LTE, LTE-advanced, WiMAX, WiFi, CDMA2000, EV-DO, CDMA One, IS-95 etc.

Tunnelling is used between SGSNs and GGSNs, so the internal backbone does not need any information about domains outside the GPRS network. A GSM network consists of the following components: A Mobile Station: It is the mobile phone which consists of the transceiver, the display and the processor and is controlled by a SIM card operating over the network. Naval Research Laboratory) This is a free website for those looking for some information on GPRS . Roger Easton – Father of GPS (U.S. These mobile stations are backward compatible for making voice calls using GSM.Each BSC requires the installation of one or more Packet Control Units (PCUs) and a software upgrade.

In this way network operators could evolve their networks through GPRS and possibly EDGE to the full 3G networks without having to replace and install more new equipment than was absolutely necessary.For everything from distribution to test equipment, components and more, our directory covers it.

This is generic architecture. The PCU directs the data traffic to the GPRS network and can be a separate hardware element associated with the BSC. Along with the packet data transport the GSM network accommodates multiple users to share the same air interface resources concurrently.GPRS attempts to reuse the existing GSM network elements as much as possible, but to effectively build a packet-based mobile cellular network, some new network elements, interfaces, and protocols for handling packet traffic are required.Therefore, GPRS requires modifications to numerous GSM network elements as summarized below:New Mobile Stations (MS) are required to use GPRS services because existing GSM phones do not handle the enhanced air interface or packet data. The existing GSM network architecture is used to carry the circuit switched voice calls as well as the network access, etc.With GPRS providing additional connectivity in terms of packet data, there are naturally a number of upgrades needed to the network architecture required. Following is the GPRS Architecture diagram: GPRS attempts to reuse the existing GSM network elements as much as possible, but to effectively build a packet-based mobile cellular network, some new network elements, interfaces, and protocols for handling packet traffic are required. The GSM contains most of the necessary capabilities to support packet transmission over GSM.

The Dopoo handset, which is popular in China. Base Station Subsystem: It acts as an interface between the mobile station and the network subsystem. It provides a variety of services to the mobiles:There is a location register within the SGSN and this stores location information (e.g., current cell, current VLR). The PCU provides a physical and logical data interface to the Base Station Subsystem BSS for packet data traffic. Below are the changes that are made to the existing GSM network elements to work for GPRS: Tunnelling is used between SGSNs and GGSNs, so the internal backbone does not need any information about domains outside the GPRS network. Because routing areas are smaller than location areas, less radio resources are used While broadcasting a page message. It differentiates data destined for the standard GSM network (circuit switched data) and data destined for the GPRS network (Packet Switched Data). Figure-1 depicts 5G network architecture. Databases HLR,VLR,etc. A variety of MS can exist, including a high-speed version of current phones to support high-speed data access, a new PDA device with an embedded GSM phone, and PC cards for laptop computers.

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